The phases can have considerable overlap, or the sequence of the phases might change or be repeated, e.g., for product improvements and enhancements. Regardless of the titles chosen for these phases, or whether the product is a facility, software, an airplane or a machine screw, at some time in its history a product will go through all or most of these phases. Table 1 illustrates some of the aliases for each phase name and identifies characteristics that apply in each one. Similarly, this standard uses a neutral set of names for the phases of a product's life cycle, which are generic enough to be easily mapped to the myriad of different life cycle models in use. There is no intent to express preference for any particular set of terminology. In describing each CM function and its principles, this standard utilizes neutral Configuration Management terminology, while also providing equivalent terms, that have historically been used in various product environments (see Table 2). The principles, highlighted in text boxes, are designed to individually identify the essence of the related CM function, and can be used to collectively create a checklist of criteria to evaluate a CM program. This standard defines five CM functions and their underlying principles.
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